Article #1 – "White Perceptions of Whether African Americans and Hispanics are Prone to Violence and Support for the Death Penalty" by James D Unnever and Francis T Cullen.
In this article, they used data between 1990 and 2000 from the GSS that was conducted by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) (526). In this survey they conducted interview of adults that were a sample of households in the U.S. (526-527). They used this data because the focus was to see if Whites believed that Hispanics and African Americans were more violence prone than Whites (527). In their study, they asked whites whether they favor or oppose the death penalty for persons convicted of murder and they were given the options to respond with; "favor," "oppose," and "don't know" (527). For this question, 7.5 % of the respondent's answered "don't know" (527). When asking these questions, they discovered that if individuals are offered life without the possibility of parole, support for the death penalty decreases (527). The next question the respondents were asked to rate different racial groups on how prone to violence they were from 1 to 7 (528). The results from this question showed that Whites perceive Hispanics and African Americans to be more violent prone than members of their own race (528).
In conclusion, the results of the relationship between support for the death penalty and racial-ethnic stereotypes showed that there was more support for the death penalty from Whites that hold on to the negative stereotype that African Americans are more prone to violence than members of their own race; same for Hispanics (531). Specifically, in 1990, Whites believed that African Americans were 15 times more prone to violence and Hispanics were 7 times more prone to violence than members of their own race (532-533). In 2000, the numbers dropped a little showing that whites believed that African Americans were 4.5 times more prone to violence and Hispanics were 2 times more prone than Whites (533). On the other hand, Whites stereotypes of African Americans and Hispanics as being more prone to violence didn't expressively predict support for the death penalty (534).
Unnever, James D, and Francis T Cullen. "White Perceptions of Whether African Americans and
Hispanics Are Prone to Violence and Support for the Death Penalty." Journal of
Research in Crime and Delinquency 49.4 (2012): 519-44. Web.
Article #2 – "Black Neighbors, Higher Crime? The Role of Racial Stereotypes in Evaluations of Neighborhood Crime" by Lincoln Quillian and Devah Pager
In the study of the Chicago Crime Factors and Neighborhood decline, they used telephone surveys conducted in eight Chicago community areas with about 3,300 heads of household (726). They chose these communities based on their diversity in: crime rates, racial composition, and property values (726). By using random-digit dialing, they screened for street name and block number and chose 400 heads of household in each community area (726). In the survey they asked 2,796 respondents about their perception of their neighborhood's level of crime (726).
In conclusion, the results show that perceived crime among neighborhoods were directly associated with the percentage of young black men (747). Also, the best predictors of the apparent severity of neighborhood crime is the percentage of young black men (747). This shows that race and crime have a powerful influence on the perceptions of neighborhood crime are greater with mental association than an actual association (748).
Quillian, Lincoln, and Devah Pager. "Black Neighbors, Higher Crime? The Role of Racial
Stereotypes in Evaluations of Neighborhood Crime 1." American Journal of Sociology
107.3 (2001): 717-67. Web.
��Q�Q�
No comments:
Post a Comment